Curr Biol：充分利用注意力可有效缓解疼痛感

近日，刊登在国际著名杂志Cell的子刊Current Biology上的一篇分析报告认为，借助于心理妨碍（遇到困难）的新方法可以使得痛楚减轻，然而这种痛楚减轻减轻的震荡并不表现在头部。这项分析发掘出是基于采用高质量的骨髓机能性磁共振成像技术（fMRI技术），对人们由于高温引起的痛楚水平开展分析，分析揭示，心理妨碍确实可以在中枢痛楚处理早期抑制痛楚波形的盛行。来自法兰克福-埃彭多夫大学医学院的实证Christian Sprenger表示，这种现象并无疑是一种心理现象，而是一种活跃的神经机制，可以降低从小脑回升至神经元见习周围的痛楚波形。

这种震荡无关到了诱发的类微粒，这种微粒产生自神经元，在减轻痛楚的过程中最重要不可或缺配角。分析人员让参与者分别完成一个简单或者一个较难的记忆性任务，需要他们看看纸条的手写内容，同时给参与者肩膀上施以高温。开展较难任务的参与者越来越心烦意乱时，他们会感到较小的痛楚，通过fMRI技术反映出这些参与者的小脑周围活性越来越比较低，fMRI通常是用来校准神经元活性的发生变化。

Sprenger和他的合作者然后重复了实验，这次他们给予参与者一种抑制剂-钠洛酮（抗休克的理想抑制剂，可以阻止类抑制剂的震荡）或者平常的盐水流经，结果显示，远比只流经平常盐水的参与者，采用类抑制剂拮抗剂的参与者由于注意力大部分，引起的痛楚减轻降低了40%，因此表明诱发的最重要不可或缺作用。

实证的发掘出揭示了无意识可以熟悉地发生变化人们的痛楚经历，并且对于临床也有极其不可或缺的普遍性。实证表示，我们的分析发掘出给痛楚结核病放射治疗提供了本质不当放射治疗的新方法。（生物谷：T.Shen编译）

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.006PMC:PMID:

Attention Modulates Spinal Cord Responses to Pain

Christian Sprenger1, , , Falk Eippert1, Jürgen Finsterbusch1, Ulrike Bingel1, 2, Michael Rose1, Christian Büchel1

Reduced pain perception while being distracted from pain is an everyday example of how cognitive processes can interfere with pain perception [ [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]]. Previous neuroimaging studies showed distraction-related modulations of pain-driven activations in various cortical and subcortical brain regions [ [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and [11]], but the precise neuronal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervical spinal cord in combination with thermal pain stimulation and a well-established working memory task [12], we demonstrate that this phenomenon relies on an inhibition of incoming pain signals in the spinal cord. Neuronal responses to painful stimulation in the dorsal horn of the corresponding spinal segment were significantly reduced under high working memory load compared to low working memory load. At the individual level, reductions of neuronal responses in the spinal cord predicted behioral pain reductions. In a subsequent behioral experiment, using the opioid antagonist naloxone in a double-blind crossover design with the same paradigm, we demonstrate a substantial contribution of endogenous opioids to this mechanism. Taken together, our results show that the reduced pain experience during mental distraction is related to a spinal process and involves opioid neurotransmission.